Which psychological phenomenon describes employees’ tendency to work harder and improve performance simply because they know they are being observed by management?

Explanation

• The Hawthorne Effect, discovered during Elton Mayo’s Western Electric studies, shows that workplace observation and social attention boost worker performance.
• Pygmalion Effect refers to higher expectations leading to improved performance (self-fulfilling prophecy).
• Golem Effect is the negative counterpart where low expectations lead to decreased performance.