What HRM concept describes the degree of internal consistency and alignment among various HR practices (e.g., aligning selection, training, and rewards toward quality)?

Explanation

• Horizontal Alignment (or internal fit) means that all individual HR practices reinforce each other cohesively (e.g., team hiring aligning with team appraisal and team rewards).
• Vertical Alignment (or strategic fit) means aligning HR strategy directly with overall corporate business strategy.