What is generally required as expiation (Kaffarah) for deliberately breaking the Ramadan fast without valid excuse, according to the majority of scholars?

Explanation

– According to the majority of scholarly opinion, deliberately breaking the Ramadan fast without valid excuse generally requires expiation involving freeing a slave, or fasting sixty consecutive days, or feeding sixty poor people, applied sequentially based on ability.
– This significant expiation reflects the serious nature of deliberately violating this fundamental obligation, distinguishing it from fasts missed due to valid, unavoidable circumstances.
– For exams, remember that this expiation is applied in addition to, not instead of, making up the specific missed day of fasting itself.