Which dynasty, centered in Egypt, established a rival caliphate and is historically associated with Ismaili Shia beliefs?

Explanation

– The Fatimid Dynasty, centered in Egypt, established a rival caliphate historically associated with Ismaili Shia beliefs, founding the city of Cairo as their capital during the 10th century CE.
– This dynasty also established Al-Azhar, which developed into one of the most significant and enduring centers of Islamic learning throughout subsequent history.
– For exams, note that this dynasty’s establishment reflects the broader political fragmentation that occurred within the Muslim world during this particular historical period.