The continuous quality cycle proposed by W. Edwards Deming for process improvement is known as:

Explanation

• Deming’s PDCA Cycle (Plan-Do-Check-Act), also known as the Shewhart Cycle, provides a continuous loop for quality improvement.
• Plan: Identify problem and form hypothesis; Do: Test solution; Check: Measure results; Act: Standardize successful changes.
• Deming emphasized that quality management must focus on system design rather than inspecting finished products.