The active earth pressure coefficient Ka for a soil with internal friction angle phi is given by:
A(1 + sin(phi)) / (1 - sin(phi))
Bcos(phi) / (1 + sin(phi))
C(1 - sin(phi)) / (1 + sin(phi))
D1 / sin(phi)
Explanation
According to Rankine’s earth pressure theory for cohesionless backfill with horizontal surface, active earth pressure coefficient is Ka = (1 – sin φ) / (1 + sin φ) = tan^2(45° – φ/2).
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