In water treatment plants, the addition of alum as a coagulant works primarily by:
ADisinfecting harmful pathogenic bacteria
BNeutralizing electrical charges on fine colloidal particles to promote flocs
CSoftening hard water by removing calcium ions
DAdjusting pH towards highly alkaline levels
Explanation
Alum (aluminum sulfate) acts as a coagulant by neutralizing negative surface charges on microscopic colloidal particles in raw water. This allows particles to agglomerate into larger, settleable flocs during flocculation.
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