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The concept of ‘Offensive Realism’, which argues that states seek regional hegemony to ensure survival, was developed by:
AJohn Mearsheimer
BKenneth Waltz
CRobert Jervis
DHans Morgenthau
The doctrine of ‘Defensive Realism’, which posits that the international system encourages states to maintain moderate policies, is associated with:
AJohn Mearsheimer and Colin Gray
BKenneth Waltz and Stephen Walt
CMachiavelli and Hobbes
DHenry Kissinger and Zbigniew Brzezinski
The term ‘Soft Balancing’ in strategic studies refers to non-military measures taken by states to counter a dominant power through:
ADirect military build-up and proxy wars
BNuclear proliferation
CDiplomatic alliances, international institutions, and economic delay tactics
DTerritorial annexation
Which major theoretical paradigm views international law and institutions as effective tools for global peace and cooperation?
ANeorealism
BClassical Realism
CStructural Marxism
DNeoliberal Institutionalism
The ‘Theory of Surplus Value’ is a fundamental pillar of Marxist economics formulated in:
ADas Kapital
BThe Communist Manifesto
CThe German Ideology
DCritique of the Gotha Program
The political philosophy of ‘Utilitarianism’ measures the moral worth of an action based on its ability to produce:
AStrict obedience to religious scripture
BThe greatest happiness for the greatest number
CEconomic equality across all classes
DTotal individual freedom without laws
The concept of ‘Soft Power’ was introduced by Joseph Nye in his 1990 book titled:
ABound to Lead: The Changing Nature of American Power
BSoft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics
CThe Future of Power
DThe Paradox of American Power
Which political concept describes a situation where power is distributed among two dominant sovereign states?
AUnipolarity
BBipolarity
CMultipolarity
DAnarchy
The term ‘Gerrymandering’ refers to the political practice of:
ABribery of public officials during election campaigns
BDisqualifying candidate nominations on legal technicalities
CManipulating electoral district boundaries to favor a particular political party
DHolding secret votes in parliamentary committees
Which voting system guarantees that political parties receive parliamentary seats proportional to the votes cast for them?
AFirst-Past-The-Post (FPTP)
BAlternative Vote System
CBlock Voting
DProportional Representation (PR)