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Gramsci’s concept of ‘Hegemony’ refers to the ruling class maintaining power through:
ADirect military dictatorship
BEconomic sanctions exclusively
CCultural and ideological leadership rather than physical force alone
DInternational treaties
Fascism as a political ideology originated in Italy under the leadership of:
AAdolf Hitler
BFrancisco Franco
CJoseph Stalin
DBenito Mussolini
Anarchism as a political philosophy advocates for:
AAbolition of all coercive government structures and the state
BA powerful centralized state
CRule by military junta
DA constitutional monarchy
Plato’s famous work ‘The Republic’ primarily focuses on the concept of:
AAbsolute monarchy and divine rights
BJustice and the ideal State
CInternational trade and capitalism
DDirect democracy and voting rules
Who authored the political treatise ‘The Prince’, advocating realistic power politics?
AThomas Hobbes
BJean-Jacques Rousseau
CNiccolò Machiavelli
DJohn Locke
According to Thomas Hobbes in ‘Leviathan’, the state of nature was:
AA state of perfect peace and goodwill
BGoverned by natural moral law and harmony
CA state of economic equality
DSolitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short
John Locke advocated for three fundamental natural rights of individuals, which are:
ALife, Liberty, and Property
BLife, Liberty, and Pursuit of Happiness
CPeace, Equality, and Fraternity
DWork, Education, and Property
The concept of ‘General Will’ is associated with which political philosopher?
AVoltaire
BJean-Jacques Rousseau
CBaron de Montesquieu
DJohn Stuart Mill
The doctrine of ‘Separation of Powers’ between executive, legislative, and judicial branches was formulated by:
AJean Bodin
BAlexis de Tocqueville
CBaron de Montesquieu
DKarl Marx
John Stuart Mill is a major advocate of which ethical and political philosophy?
AScientific Socialism
BAbsolute Monarchy
CAnarchism
DUtilitarianism and Individual Liberty