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What is the primary function of an Assembler in computer programming?
ATranslates High-Level Language source code into Machine Code line by line
BTranslates Assembly Language mnemonic code into Machine Code (Binary)
CLinks object files together to create an executable binary file
DExecutes high-level code directly without compilation
What type of malware tricks users into downloading or executing it by disguising itself as legitimate, harmless software?
AComputer Worm
BTrojan Horse
CRansomware
DSpyware
Which CPU register holds the memory address of the next instruction waiting to be fetched and executed?
AMemory Data Register (MDR)
BInstruction Register (IR)
CProgram Counter (PC)
DAccumulator (AC)
In cryptography, what type of encryption utilizes two distinct keys—a Public Key for encryption and a Private Key for decryption?
ASymmetric Encryption
BAsymmetric Encryption
CHashing
DSteganography
Which networking device operates at the Data Link Layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model and uses MAC addresses to forward frames to specific target ports?
AHub
BRouter
CSwitch
DRepeater
Which condition occurs in an Operating System when two or more processes are blocked indefinitely, each waiting for a resource held by the other?
AThrashing
BDeadlock
CStarvation
DPaging
What CPU scheduling algorithm allocates time slices (quanta) to each process in a cyclic order without priority?
AFirst-Come, First-Served (FCFS)
BShortest Job First (SJF)
CRound Robin (RR)
DPriority Scheduling
In memory management, what is the term for the memory management technique that allows execution of processes that are not completely loaded in physical RAM?
AVirtual Memory
BStatic Partitioning
CCompaction
DSegmentation
Which core component of an Operating System acts as the primary interface between hardware and application software, running with full system privileges?
AShell
BKernel
CCompiler
DBootloader
Which component of the Central Processing Unit (CPU) performs arithmetic operations and logical comparisons?
AControl Unit (CU)
BArithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
CRegister Array
DCache Memory