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Which component of an relational database query optimizer translates high-level SQL declarative statements into an efficient execution plan?
ADDL Interpreter
BQuery Optimizer
CTransaction Manager
DBuffer Manager
Which traversal algorithm visits a Binary Search Tree (BST) nodes in strict ascending sorted key order?
APre-order Traversal
BIn-order Traversal
CPost-order Traversal
DLevel-order Traversal
In artificial neural networks, which function is applied to the weighted sum of inputs at a neuron to introduce non-linearity into the network model?
ACost Function
BActivation Function
CGradient Descent
DLoss Function
What is the standard subnet mask assigned to a Class B IPv4 network by default?
A255.0.0.0
B255.255.0.0
C255.255.255.0
D255.255.255.255
Which security measure monitors incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predefined security rules to block unauthorized access?
AAntivirus
BFirewall
CIntrusion Detection System (IDS)
DProxy Server
What metric measures the maximum theoretical data transfer capacity of a network communication channel over a given period?
ALatency
BThroughput
CBandwidth
DJitter
Which cryptographic hash algorithm produces a fixed 256-bit (32-byte) digest output and is widely used in Bitcoin and TLS standard security?
AMD5
BSHA-1
CSHA-256
DDES
In Linux Operating Systems, which command changes directory access and file permissions for users, groups, and others?
Achown
Bchmod
Cchgrp
Dls -l
Which software development methodology emphasizes iterative delivery, customer collaboration, cross-functional self-organizing teams, and flexibility to changing requirements?
AWaterfall Model
BSpiral Model
CAgile Methodology
DV-Model
What primary key constraint property prevents duplicate values and ensures every row in a database table has a unique, non-null identifier?
AForeign Key
BPrimary Key
CCheck Constraint
DDefault Constraint