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Which scientist is widely credited as the founder of modern genetics, based largely on his experiments studying inherited traits in pea plants?
AAlexander Fleming
BGregor Mendel
CLouis Pasteur
DCharles Darwin
Why does the same side of the moon always face Earth?
AThe moon does not rotate at all
BThe moon rotates much faster than it orbits
CThe moon is tidally locked, rotating once for every orbit it makes around Earth
DEarth's gravity prevents the moon from rotating
Why do people sometimes feel their ears ‘pop’ during air travel or when driving up a steep mountain?
ABecause changing air pressure causes the eardrum to adjust as air moves through the Eustachian tube
BBecause sound waves become trapped in the ear canal
CBecause temperature changes freeze fluid in the ear
DBecause gravity decreases at higher altitude
Naphthalene, the chemical compound traditionally used to make mothballs, has an unusual property of transitioning directly from which state to which state at room temperature?
AFrom solid to gas, a process called sublimation
BFrom liquid to gas
CFrom gas to liquid
DFrom solid to liquid only
Why is an extra day added to the calendar approximately every four years, creating a leap year?
ATo align with the length of a typical human lifespan
BTo match the phases of the moon exactly
CBecause scientists agreed to add a day arbitrarily
DTo correct for Earth's orbit around the sun taking slightly longer than exactly 365 days
What is a key factor that determines how strongly a magnetic material is attracted to a magnet, aside from the strength of the magnet itself?
AThe temperature of the room only
BThe distance between the material and the magnet
CThe color of the material
DThe material's electrical charge
Formalin, a solution containing formaldehyde, is commonly used for what purpose in laboratories and medical settings?
ATo preserve biological specimens and tissue samples
BAs a food sweetener
CAs a fuel source
DAs a fertilizer
What is the primary cause of Earth’s seasons throughout the year?
AEarth's changing distance from the sun
BThe tilt of Earth's rotational axis
CVariations in the sun's brightness
DThe moon's gravitational pull
What branch of chemistry is primarily concerned with the study of carbon-containing compounds?
AInorganic chemistry
BPhysical chemistry
COrganic chemistry
DAnalytical chemistry
How do carbon dioxide fire extinguishers work to put out flames?
ABy displacing the oxygen surrounding the fire, cutting off its fuel supply
BBy adding more fuel to burn the fire out quickly
CBy cooling the fire with extremely cold water
DBy chemically converting the fire into smoke