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Why do stars appear to twinkle when viewed from Earth’s surface?
AStars physically flicker on and off
BHuman eyes cannot properly focus on distant light
CStarlight bends as it passes through Earth's constantly moving atmosphere
DStars are actually much closer than they appear
What term describes compounds made up entirely of hydrogen and carbon atoms, such as those found in fuels like petrol and natural gas?
ACarbohydrates
BHalides
CHydrocarbons
DAmino acids
What term describes a chemical reaction that releases heat energy into its surroundings, such as combustion?
AExothermic reaction
BEndothermic reaction
CNeutralization reaction only
DCatalytic reaction only
What is the approximate acceleration due to gravity near Earth’s surface?
A22 meters per second squared
B9.8 meters per second squared
C1.6 meters per second squared
D100 meters per second squared
What causes the loud noise known as a sonic boom?
AAn object traveling faster than the speed of sound
BTwo clouds colliding
CAn object suddenly stopping completely
DA sudden drop in air pressure
Ethanol, the type of alcohol found in beverages and used in hand sanitizers, is commonly produced through which biological process?
AElectrolysis of salt water
BFermentation of sugars by yeast
CDistillation of water
DCombustion of hydrocarbons
Sound waves are classified as which type of wave, based on how particles move relative to the wave’s direction of travel?
ALongitudinal waves
BTransverse waves
CStanding waves only
DElectromagnetic waves
According to Newton’s law of universal gravitation, the gravitational force between two objects depends on what factors?
ATheir speed alone
BTheir color and temperature
CTheir exact chemical composition only
DTheir masses and the distance between them
What is the key difference between an antiseptic and a disinfectant?
AThere is no meaningful difference between the two terms
BAntiseptics are used on living tissue, while disinfectants are used on non-living surfaces
CAntiseptics only work against viruses, never bacteria
DDisinfectants are used on living tissue, while antiseptics are used on non-living surfaces
In the visible light spectrum, which color has the shortest wavelength?
AViolet
BOrange
CYellow
DRed