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In Piaget’s theory, modifying existing cognitive schemas or creating new ones to incorporate new information is called:

AAssimilation

BAccommodation

CEquilibration

DCentration

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The cognitive framework or mental structure that helps individuals organize and interpret information about the world is called a:

ASchema

BPrototype

CHeuristic

DConstruct

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A pre-judged, typically negative attitude toward members of a specific social group based solely on their group membership is defined as:

ADiscrimination

BStereotype

CEthnocentrism

DPrejudice

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The loss of self-awareness and individual restraint that occurs in group situations that foster anonymity is termed:

ASocial Loafing

BGroupthink

CDeindividuation

DPluralistic Ignorance

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The tendency for a group’s average attitude or decision to become more extreme after group discussion than it was initially is called:

AGroupthink

BGroup Polarization

CSocial Facilitation

DDeindividuation

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The cognitive bias that prevents people from seeing an object as having a function other than its conventional or customary use is:

AFunctional Fixedness

BMental Set

CAnchoring Effect

DFraming Effect

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The tendency to persist in using a problem-solving strategy that has worked in the past, even when it is no longer effective, is called a:

AFunctional Fixedness

BCognitive Dissonance

CConfirmation Bias

DMental Set

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A step-by-step procedure or set of rules that guarantees a correct solution to a problem if followed correctly is an:

AHeuristic

BInsight

CAlgorithm

DMental Set

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Judging the probability that an object or person belongs to a specific category based on how closely it matches a typical prototype is the:

AAvailability Heuristic

BRepresentativeness Heuristic

CConfirmation Bias

DFraming Effect

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Evaluating the likelihood of an event based on how easily similar instances come to mind is known as the:

AAvailability Heuristic

BRepresentativeness Heuristic

CAnchoring Heuristic

DAffect Heuristic

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