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Which type of cohesion is present when functions are placed together in a module purely because they process the same data structures or input stream?

ASequential Cohesion

BCommunicational Cohesion

CProcedural Cohesion

DLogical Cohesion

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Which type of cohesion occurs when elements of a module are grouped together because they execute during the same phase of execution (e.g., initialization routines)?

ATemporal Cohesion

BLogical Cohesion

CCoincidental Cohesion

DSequential Cohesion

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The Interface Segregation Principle (ISP) dictates that clients should not be forced to depend upon:

AConcrete implementations of factory classes

BAbstract superclasses

CDatabase connection pools

DInterfaces that they do not use

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According to the Liskov Substitution Principle (LSP), objects of a superclass should be replaceable with objects of its subclasses without:

AIncreasing execution time

BChanging database schemas

CAltering the correctness of the program

DModifying compiler settings

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Which SOLID principle states that software entities (classes, modules, functions) should be open for extension, but closed for modification?

ALiskov Substitution Principle (LSP)

BOpen-Closed Principle (OCP)

CInterface Segregation Principle (ISP)

DSingle Responsibility Principle (SRP)

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In object-oriented design, which principle states that high-level modules should not depend on low-level modules, but both should depend on abstractions?

ADependency Inversion Principle (DIP)

BSingle Responsibility Principle (SRP)

COpen-Closed Principle (OCP)

DLiskov Substitution Principle (LSP)

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David McClelland’s Acquired-Needs Theory proposes that human behavior is motivated by which trio of learned needs?

APhysiological, Safety, and Esteem

BNeed for Achievement (nAch), Need for Affiliation (nAff), and Need for Power (nPow)

CExistence, Relatedness, and Growth

DExpectancy, Instrumentality, and Valence

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B.F. Skinner’s Operant Conditioning Theory (Reinforcement Theory) asserts that human behavior is primarily governed by:

AInternal subconscious drives

BExternal environmental consequences

CHierarchical need satisfaction

DCognitive goal evaluation

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Which classic principle of management, formulated by Henri Fayol, establishes that authority must flow vertically in a clear, continuous line from top management to frontline workers?

AUnity of Command

BScalar Chain

CSpan of Control

DDivision of Labor

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The systematic evaluation process of comparing an organization’s operational metrics and best practices against industry leaders is called:

AReengineering

BBenchmarking

COutsourcing

DDownsizing

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