The total number of direct subordinates a manager can effectively and efficiently control is known as the:

Explanation

• Span of Control (or Span of Management) refers to the specific number of subordinates directly reporting to a single managerial position.
• A narrow span creates tall organizational hierarchies with many tiers, whereas a wide span yields flat organizational structures.
• V.A. Graicunas introduced a formula ($N(2^N / 2 + N – 1)$) calculating how mathematical relationships expand exponentially as span size increases.