The famous Hawthorne Studies, conducted by Elton Mayo and Fritz Roethlisberger, laid the foundation for which management movement?

Explanation

• The Hawthorne Studies (1924–1932) demonstrated that social factors, employee recognition, and group dynamics significantly influence productivity.
• The findings led to the Human Relations Movement, shifting management focus toward psychological and social needs of workers.
• The ‘Hawthorne Effect’ refers to individuals modifying their behavior in response to being observed.